Sleep disorders
Preclinical sleep research is of increasing importance, not only due to the role of sleep in memory consolidation, but also because of the link that has been established between sleep disorders and some brain or cardiovascular disorders.
Indeed, sleep disturbances are a common comorbidity with neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Narcolepsy, insomnia, circadian rhythm, drug abuse, pharmacology, etc. are all conditions that would benefit from sleep and EEG analysis.
Description

Wireless telemetry recording systems, paired with synchronized video monitoring, facilitates sleep analysis and behavioral observations from freely moving single or group housed subjects, without the confounding effects of investigator interaction.
easyTEL+ Implantable telemetry
Customizable option for small & large animals
Sleep disturbances are commonly associated with neurological and cardiovascular diseases.
easyTEL+ acquires multiple biopotentials (EEG, EMG, ECG), blood pressure, temperature, and activity to study changes in sleep in relation to epilepsy, hypertension, circadian rhythms, and more in small and large animals.
While the small animal implants acquire up to 2 biopotentials and one pressure for up to 150 days, the large animal implants can record 4 biopotentials and 2 pressures for up to 295 days.
rodentPACK Head-mounted system
Cost effective option for rodents
rodentPACK is a wireless digital telemetry system that acquires up to 4 biopotentials (EEG, EMG, ECG, EOG), and postural activity data from small subjects 50 g or more.
Externalized transmitters can be reused across subjects, cohorts, and studies, reducing start-up costs.
The custom design of our transmitters (electrodes, electrode wires, polarity) combined with user configurable sampling rate, resolution, and gain, provide users with various study design options. With custom electrodes and shorter lead length, customers can experience increased signal-to-noise ratio providing cleaner data for analysis. Easily exchangeable batteries last for up to 150 hours of continuous recordings.
eegPACK
Cost effective option for large animals
eegPACK is a wireless digital telemetry system that acquires up to 4 biopotentials (EEG, EMG, EOG), and postural activity data in large animals. Transmitters can be secured to the subject via an implanted head connector or a non-invasive cap option.
Externalized transmitters can be reused across subjects, cohorts, and studies, reducing start-up costs.
The custom design of our transmitters (electrodes, electrode wires, polarity) combined with user configurable sampling rate, resolution, and gain, provide users with various study design options. Easily exchangeable batteries last for up to 150 hours of continuous recordings.
EEG+ software
Automated sleep scoring
EEG+ offers automated and/or manual sleep scoring and spectral analysis with optional advanced cardiovascular analysis modules to assist in interdisciplinary studies.
Our sleep scoring module scores based on 4 different stages which are active wake, quiet wake, slow wave sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM), utilizing user-defined logic tree analysis. Adjustable epoch and step length allow for custom binning and reporting of sleep stages across variable time intervals. Results are visualized via trend graphs and reports with optional synchronized video.
Plethysmography
Sleep apnea detection on rodents
Sleep apnea is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by abnormal breathing patterns and ventilation. Apneic periods, or pauses in breathing, occur at different frequencies and durations in the sleep cycle depending on the severity of the disorder, resulting in sleep disturbances and a reduction in gas exchange. Consequently, cardiovascular issues may develop as a result of repeated oxygen-starvation in the body, as well as a range of behavioral health problems brought on by persistent interruptions in the sleep cycle.
Plethysmography utilizes a non-invasive technique which allows conscious polysomnography, or sleep studies, in unanaesthetized, spontaneously breathing subjects. This technique provides continuous high-fidelity respiratory recordings during sleep and wakefulness based on measures of tidal volume, respiratory rate and minute ventilation.
Integration of electroencephalogram (EEG) & electromyography (EMG) recordings with respiratory signals offer a detailed characterization of the cardiopulmonary contributions in a sleep-disordered breathing state. Plethysmography systems may also integrate with a mass flow controller to measure these respiratory effects under chronic intermittent periods of hypoxia, a key feature of sleep apnea.
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Related publications
Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Sleep Disorders: Insights into the Rising Epidemic
Navneet Sharma et al, J Sleep Disord Ther, 2017
Aroma of Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) causes reduced locomotor activity and increased NREM sleep, acting like the partially related factors of oral ELE’s effects with locomotor-activity-dependent-increase in NREM- and REM-sleep
Shouhei Miyazaki et al, 2017
Head mounted telemetry system for seizures monitoring and sleep scoring on non-human primate
J S Vuong et al, J Neurosci Methods . 2020 Aug
Romaine Lettuce/Skullcap Mixture Improves Sleep Behavior in Vertebrate Models
Ki-Bae Hong et al, The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 2018
Two combined amino acids promote sleep activity in caffeine-induced sleepless model systems
Ki-Bae Hong et al, Nutrition Research and Practice. 2018